Cyber Security in Estonia 2025

"Cyber Security in Estonia 2025" gives an overview of the year 2024.
Tumehallis ülikonnas tumepunase lipsuga mees seisab heledas akenderohkes koridoris

Estonia’s cybersecurity starts with you

How can we tackle the record number of cyberattacks and security vulnerabilities we faced last year? Gert Auväärt, Deputy Director-General for Cybersecurity at RIA, explains.

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Illustratsioon: esiplaanil tumedas riietuses mitmekeelse mao näoga pahalane sülearvuti taga. Taamal istub maas oleva sülearvuti kõrval mees, nägu kätesse peidetud. Taustal PIN 1 sisestamise aken.

Another record year we did not need

No one expected 2024 to be a quiet year in cyberspace, but we also did not anticipate that the number of incidents with an impact would double from an already record-breaking level.

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Illustratsioon: tänapäevases lahingurõivastuses mehed, ühel käes mõõk ja Ukraina lipuvärvides kilp. Nende poole lendamas droonid ja punased raketid kirjaga "APT44"

Ukraine war: cyberattacks move closer to the frontline

On 19 November last year, 1,000 days had passed since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine began. The battle in cyberspace has lasted even longer.

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Foto: laigulises riietuses mees seisab hallis koridoris

SSSCIP chief: Russia operates more covertly in cyberspace

We learn about the cyberattacks thwarted in 2024 through an interview with Brigadier General Oleksandr Potii, head of Ukraine’s SSSCIP.

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Illustratsioon: palju pisikesi putukaid apteegi ikoonil (valge rist rohelisel taustal).

Lessons from a massive data leak

At the beginning of 2024, criminals breached the server of Allium UPI, stealing the data of hundreds of thousands of Estonians.

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Illustratsioon: esiplaanil mustas, Venemaa riigivapiga riietuses päikseprille kandev mees. Taustal Euroopa maakaart ja kirjad: "Cadet Blizzard" ja "Cyber attack"

Russian intelligence ramps up cyber pressure on Western countries

Cyberattacks against Estonian state authorities in 2020 were attributed to Unit 29155 of Russia’s military intelligence (GRU).

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Illustratsioon: konksu otsas ripub mobiiltelefon, kus on lahti õngitsusteenuse ostmist pakkuv leht

Phishers caught on the hook

The international police operation shut down LabHost, a platform that provided services to phishing scammers, and the Estonian police played a key role in preparing the raid.

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Illustratsioon: pisikeste punaste väljasirutatud nimetissõrmega käeikoonide parv suundumas klaviatuuril "Enter"-nuppu vajutama

DDoS attacks: more noise, less impact

We registered an unprecedented number of distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS), but effective defence measures reduced the proportion of attacks with an impact.

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Illustratsioon: hobusel kappav kauboi, keerutamas @-märgi kujuga lassot. Taustal täidetav arve põhi.

Fraudsters made off with millions

Adding up the damage, we have to acknowledge once again that last year was highly profitable for scammers.

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Illustratsioon: Halli serverikapi küljes ripub mustas riietuses valge maskiga inimene, tema jala juures on kapis auk.

Ransomware victims: schools and businesses

Several companies, schools and even a dental clinic found their systems breached and data locked by attackers. 

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Illustratsioon: valgete ja punaste piirjoontega joonte ja kujundite kogum (sh tabalukud, võti, failikaust, kilp jne)

2024 brought a record number of vulnerabilities

Much to the advantage of attackers, users of vulnerable software were often slow to update it.

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Illustratsioon: kaks kätt tumehalle kindaid kätte tõmbamas, mustadel varrukatel pealuuga ikoon.

2024: Events in international cyberspace

Last year saw influence operations surrounding elections, Chinese hackers breaching telecom companies, and a widespread IT system disruption caused by CrowdStrike.

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Illustratsioon: keskel lendab punane draakonisabaga hävitaja, taamal kolm serverikappi. Neist üks on tükkideks lagunemas ja teine samuti ümber kukkumas.

The red dragon spreads its wings

China’s ambition to become the world’s leading power by 2050  is bolstered by its state-sponsored cyber groups.

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Fotol kõrvuti kolm inimest: mees, naine ja mees, kõigil üks käsi ette kokku sirutatud ja ükesteise peale asetatud

Cybersecurity is a matter of national sustainability

Cybersecurity is more than an IT concern – it is a matter of national sustainability.

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Illustratsioon: ülestõstetud kätes on palju eri nutiseadmeid ning üks sülearvuti. Eri värvi ekraanidel on tabaluku ikoonid. Seadmete kohal on musta tabalukuga kinnitatud valge kett.

Estonian schools should prioritise cybersecurity

The level of cybersecurity measures in schools varies widely, and the overall situation leaves much to be desired.

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IT-vaatliku kampaania kujundused reklaamtahvlitel

Prevention efforts for all generations

We conducted workshops for older adults, launched a campaign aimed at younger generations, and published guides for children and their parents.

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Illustratsioon: lilla jakiga naisel on käes EL lipu kujundusega mapp, taamal linnatänav ning rong

EU steps in cyber security

What did the European Union achieve in cybersecurity in 2024, and what lies ahead in 2025?

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Illustratsioon: kolm mustvalget Eesti vapiga piiriposti. Neist kõrgeima küljes ripub võtmekimp kolme võtmega: sinine, must ja valge võti.

How can Estonia shorten its cyber borders?

Over the past decade, the number of state-maintained databases has nearly tripled, significantly extending Estonia’s cyber border, which requires monitoring and protection.

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Illustratsioon: mobiiltelefonis on lahti KOV valimiste hääletussedel ning ülikonnas käsi hoiab kinni ID-kaardi lugeris olevast ID-kaardist.

I-voting: 20 years of progress

The local government elections in October 2025 will mark the 20th anniversary of i-voting in Estonia.

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Illustratsioon. Viis ruudukujulist ikooni sinakaslillal taustal: tulpdiagramm, mobiiltelefon kirjaga "SOS", hieroglüüfid, AI, tilkuva kraaniga failikaustad.

What to expect in cyberspace in 2025

Cyber incidents, China’s role in cyber security, AI, data breach.

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Last updated: 17.02.2025

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